Perceived Stress Scale
The following questions
ask about your feelings and thoughts during THE PAST MONTH. In each question, you will be asked HOW OFTEN you felt or thought
a certain way. Although some of the questions are similar, there are small differences between them and you should treat each
one as a separate question. The best approach is to answer fairly quickly. That is, don’t try to count up the exact
number of times you felt a particular way, but give the answer that in general seems the best. For each statement, indicate
if you have had these thoughts or feelings: never, almost never, sometimes, fairly often, or very often.
Read all answer choices each time. Note the reverse wording on 4, 5,
7 and 8. | Never | Almost Never | Sometimes | Fairly Often | Very Often | 1. In the past month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly?
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
4 | 2. In the past month, how often have you felt unable to control
the important things in your life? | 0 | 1 |
2 | 3 | 4 |
3. In the past month, how often have you felt nervous or
stressed? | 0 |
1 | 2 | 3 |
4 | 4. In the past month, how often have you felt confident about
your ability to handle personal problems? | 0 | 1 |
2 | 3 | 4 |
5. In the past month, how often have you felt that things
were going your way? | 0
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
6. In the past month, how often have you found that you could
not cope with all the things you had to do? | 0 | 1 |
2 | 3 | 4 |
7. In the past month, how often have you been able to control
irritations in your life? | 0 | 1 |
2 | 3 | 4 |
8. In the past month, how often have you felt that you were
on top of things? | 0
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
9. In the past month, how often have you been angry because
of things that happened that were outside of your control? | 0 | 1 |
2 | 3 | 4 |
10. In the past month, how often have you felt that difficulties
were piling up so high that you could not overcome them? | 0 | 1 |
2 | 3 | 4 |
Perceived Stress
Scale Scoring Each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from never (0) to almost
always (4). Positively worded items are reverse scored, and the ratings are
summed, with higher scores indicating more perceived stress. PSS-10 scores are obtained by reversing the scores on the four
positive items: For example, 0=4, 1=3, 2=2, etc. and then summing across all 10 items. Items 4, 5, 7, and 8 are the
positively stated items. Your Perceived Stress Level was ________
Scores around 13 are
considered average. High stress groups usually have a stress score of around 20 points. Scores of 20 or higher are considered
high stress, and if you are in this range, you might consider learning new stress reduction techniques as well as increasing
your exercise to at least three times a week. High psychological stress is associated with high blood pressure, higher BMI,
larger waist to hip ratio, shorter telomere length, higher cortisol levels, suppressed immune function, decreased sleep, and
increased alcohol consumption. These are all important risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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